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Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial infections. [7] It is administered intravenously ( injection into a vein ) to treat complicated skin infections , bloodstream infections , endocarditis , bone and joint infections, and meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . [ 8 ]
Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. [9] [10] Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Vancomycin was isolated in 1953 and used clinically by 1958, while teicoplanin was discovered in 1978 and became clinically-available in 1984. [5] Telavancin is a semi-synthetic lipoglycopeptide derivative of vancomycin approved by FDA in 2009.
Effective for gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic, and against multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and Acinetobacter baumannii), but not effective for Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. Teeth discoloration and same side effects as tetracycline. Not to be given to children and pregnant or lactating women.
Streptomycin is the first-in-class aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is derived from Streptomyces griseus and is the earliest modern agent used against tuberculosis. Streptomycin lacks the common 2-deoxystreptamine moiety (image right, below) present in most other members of this class.
Its use during pregnancy is contraindicated, although it has been placed in Australian pregnancy category C. [13] Its use during the first trimester (during organogenesis) and 12 weeks prior to pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, especially malformations associated with maternal folic acid ...
Clindamycin is used in cases of suspected toxic shock syndrome, [35] often in combination with a bactericidal agent such as vancomycin. The rationale for this approach is a presumed synergy between vancomycin, which causes the death of the bacteria by breakdown of the cell wall , and clindamycin, which is a powerful inhibitor of toxin synthesis.
It is used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. [ 3 ] Teicoplanin is widely available in many European, Asian, and South American countries, however it is not currently approved by the US Food and Drug ...
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