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Four-stroke cycle used in gasoline/petrol engines: intake (1), compression (2), power (3), and exhaust (4). The right blue side is the intake port and the left brown side is the exhaust port. The cylinder wall is a thin sleeve surrounding the piston head which creates a space for the combustion of fuel and the genesis of mechanical energy.
De Dion-Bouton engine with monobloc cylinder heads, but cylinders separate from crankcase c. 1905 [1]. A monobloc or en bloc engine is an internal-combustion piston engine some of whose major components (such as cylinder head, cylinder block, or crankcase) are formed, usually by casting, as a single integral unit, rather than being assembled later.
For two-stroke engines, crossflow scavenging was used in early crankcase-compression engines, such as used by small motorcycles. The transfer port (where the fuel/air mixture enters the combustion chamber) and the exhaust port were located on opposite sides of the combustion chamber. This arrangement had the advantage of simplicity, but it also ...
The flywheels store energy on the combustion stroke and supply the stored energy to the mechanical load on the other three strokes of the piston. When these engines were designed, technology was less advanced, and manufacturers made all parts very large. A typical 6-horsepower (4.5 kW) engine weighs approximately 1,000 pounds (450 kilograms).
A 1920s experimental Almen A-4 axial engine (18-cylinder watercooled, 317 kW and 340 kg) An axial engine (sometimes known as a barrel engine or Z-crank engine) is a type of reciprocating engine with pistons arranged around an output shaft with their axes parallel to the shaft. Barrel refers to the cylindrical shape of the cylinder group (result ...
The combustion cycle can be either two-stroke (which results in a lighter engine for a given power output) [3] [4] or four-stroke (which produce lower levels of exhaust gas emissions). [5] [6] The fuel is usually either petrol or diesel. [7] In 1973, a small Wankel (rotary) engine manufactured by NSU was used in a lawn mower. [8]
The Orbital Engine Company, with funding from partner BHP and Federal Government R&D grants, [4] worked on the concept from 1972 until 1983 and had a 3.5L four stroke engine performing as well as the similar petrol car engines of the day at typical road load conditions.
All models of the Dash 7 Series are powered by a 12-cylinder or 16-cylinder, turbocharged, GE 7FDL 4-stroke diesel engine carried over from the Universal Series, and have speed-based adhesion control with a multi-channel LED annunciator panel. Dash 7 Series traction motors are powered by direct current.