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The disease is primarily caused by dermatophytes in the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum that invade the hair shaft. The clinical presentation is typically single or multiple patches of hair loss, sometimes with a 'black dot' pattern (often with broken-off hairs), that may be accompanied by inflammation, scaling, pustules, and itching.
In alopecia areata, a hair follicle is attacked by the immune system. T-cells swarm the roots, killing the follicle. This causes the hair to fall out and parts of the head to become bald. Alopecia areata is thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own anagen hair follicles and suppresses or stops hair growth. [22]
Infected hair shafts are broken off just at the base, leaving a black dot just under the surface of the skin, and alopecia can result. [3] Scraping these residual black dot will yield the best diagnostic scrapings for microscopic exam. Numerous green arthrospores will be seen under the microscope inside the stubbles of broken hair shafts at 400×.
Rosacea. What it looks like: Rosacea causes redness and thick skin on the face, usually clustered in the center.Easy flushing, a stinging sensation, and small, pus-filled pimples are other common ...
Acne. There are many different forms of acne which all have a distinct look, including small flesh-colored bumps or large, deep, painful, and inflamed nodules, says Dr. Yadav.
Hair loss may be spread throughout the scalp (diffuse) or at certain spots (focal). The loss may be sudden or gradual with accompanying stress . The most common cause is androgenetic alopecia , also known as male pattern or female pattern hair loss due to the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the hair follicles.
Poliosis circumscripta, commonly referred to as a "white forelock", is a condition characterized by localized patches of white hair due to a reduction or absence of melanin in hair follicles. Although traditionally associated with the scalp, poliosis can affect any hairy area on the body, including eyebrows, eyelashes, and beards.
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