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Catalytic converters remove only 20–40% of PM so particulates are cleaned up by a soot trap or diesel particulate filter (DPF). In the U.S., all on-road light, medium, and heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles built after 1 January 2007, are subject to diesel particulate emission limits, and so are equipped with a 2-way catalytic converter and a ...
[2] [3] Catalytic converters became mandatory in American automobiles following the Clean Air Act of 1975, [3] but are easy to surreptitiously remove from vehicles. [ 4 ] According to a 2023 report by the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB), metal recyclers will often "pay between $50 to $250 for a catalytic converter and up to $800 for one ...
In catalytic converters used on automobiles, the combustion of leaded gasoline produces elemental lead, lead(II) oxide, lead(II) chloride, and lead(II) bromide. Lead alloys with the metals present in the catalyst, while lead oxides and halides coat the catalyst's surfaces, reducing the converter's ability to reduce NOx emissions.
The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust pipe, which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NO x into less harmful gases by using a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts. [16] There are two types of catalytic converter, a two-way and a three-way converter.
Carl D. Keith (left) and John J. Mooney at the award ceremony for the National Medal of Technology and Innovation for the invention, application and commercialization of the three-way catalytic converter (2003) The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act required significant reductions in hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions.
Unlike a catalytic converter which is a flow-through device, a DPF retains bigger exhaust gas particles by forcing the gas to flow through the filter material before exiting; [2] [29] however, the DPF does not retain small particles. Maintenance-free DPFs oxidise or burn larger particles until they are small enough to pass through the filter ...
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