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The phase plane method refers to graphically determining the existence of limit cycles in the solutions of the differential equation. The solutions to the differential equation are a family of functions. Graphically, this can be plotted in the phase plane like a two-dimensional vector field.
This equation says that the vector tangent to the curve at any point x(t) along the curve is precisely the vector F(x(t)), and so the curve x(t) is tangent at each point to the vector field F. If a given vector field is Lipschitz continuous, then the Picard–Lindelöf theorem implies that there exists a unique flow for small time.
Methods for visualizing vector fields include glyphs (graphical icons) such as arrows, streamlines and streaklines, particle tracing, line integral convolution (LIC) and topological methods. Later, visualization techniques such as hyperstreamlines [7] were developed to visualize 2D and 3D tensor fields.
The slope field of =, with the blue, red, and turquoise lines being +, , and , respectively.. A slope field (also called a direction field [1]) is a graphical representation of the solutions to a first-order differential equation [2] of a scalar function.
For a flow, the vector field v(x) is an affine function of the position in the phase space, that is, ˙ = = +, with A a matrix, b a vector of numbers and x the position vector. The solution to this system can be found by using the superposition principle (linearity).
In the study of mathematics and especially differential geometry, fundamental vector fields are an instrument that describes the infinitesimal behaviour of a smooth Lie group action on a smooth manifold. Such vector fields find important applications in the study of Lie theory, symplectic geometry, and the study of Hamiltonian group actions.
A vector field V defined on an open set S is called a gradient field or a conservative field if there exists a real-valued function (a scalar field) f on S such that = = (,,, …,). The associated flow is called the gradient flow , and is used in the method of gradient descent .
Texture-based methods, like LIC, avoid these problems since they depict the entire vector field at point-like (pixel) resolution. [1] Compared to other integration-based techniques that compute field lines of the input vector field, LIC has the advantage that all structural features of the vector field are displayed, without the need to adapt ...