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MCL: Model Checking Language; Alternation-Free Modal μ-calculus extended with user-friendly regular expressions and value-passing constructs; subsumes CTL and LTL. mCRL2 mu-calculus: Kozen's propositional modal μ-calculus (excluding atomic propositions), extended with: data-depended processes, quantification over data types, multi-actions ...
A composite number n is a strong pseudoprime to at most one quarter of all bases below n; [3] [4] thus, there are no "strong Carmichael numbers", numbers that are strong pseudoprimes to all bases. Thus given a random base, the probability that a number is a strong pseudoprime to that base is less than 1/4, forming the basis of the widely used ...
A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime.Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography.Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not.
In the asymptotic setting, a family of deterministic polynomial time computable functions : {,} {,} for some polynomial p, is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG, or PRG in some references), if it stretches the length of its input (() > for any k), and if its output is computationally indistinguishable from true randomness, i.e. for any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A, which ...
The ability to infer types automatically makes many programming tasks easier, leaving the programmer free to omit type annotations while still permitting type checking. In some programming languages, all values have a data type explicitly declared at compile time , limiting the values a particular expression can take on at run-time .
The Detroit Lions' injury woes on defense continued Sunday, with the team losing two cornerbacks in the first half of their 48-42 loss to the Buffalo Bills.Carlton Davis III and Khalil Dorsey were ...
But in people with dementia—which is an umbrella term for mental decline and can be related to a number of diseases such as Alzheimer's—there’s a phenomenon known as “sundowning ...
The check digit is calculated by (()), where s is the sum from step 3. This is the smallest number (possibly zero) that must be added to s {\displaystyle s} to make a multiple of 10. Other valid formulas giving the same value are 9 − ( ( s + 9 ) mod 1 0 ) {\displaystyle 9-((s+9){\bmod {1}}0)} , ( 10 − s ) mod 1 0 {\displaystyle (10-s){\bmod ...