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Tyrosinase is a highly conserved protein in animals and apparently arose already in bacteria. The tyrosinase related protein (Tyrp1) and dopachrome tautomerase (Dtc), which encode for protein implicated in melanin synthesis which are the common regulatory elements of exon/intron structure.
Tyrosinase is an enzyme needed in melanin synthesis in the melanin producing cell of the skin, the melanocyte. By reducing the activity of tyrosinase, β-arbutin reduces the synthesis of melanin, leading to a lighter skin tone and the diminished appearance of hyperpigmentation. It is not as potent an inhibitor of tyrosinase as α-arbutin. [6]
α-Arbutin directly inhibits the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase, which is essential for melanin synthesis. Tyrosinase catalyzes the first two steps in melanin production: the hydroxylation of tyrosine to l-DOPA and the oxidation of l-DOPA to dopaquinone. By inhibiting tyrosinase, α-arbutin reduces the formation of melanin in melanocytes. [5]
This exfoliating serum targets uneven skin tone by pairing tyrosinase inhibitors with a chemical exfoliant. The combination of kojic acid, 10% glycolic acid and tranexamic acid “act ...
Dihydromorin is an inhibitor of tyrosinase. [3] See also. Norartocarpetin, the corresponding flavone; References This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at ...
As a tyrosinase inhibitor, [5] azelaic acid reduces synthesis of melanin. [26] According to one report in 1988, azelaic acid in combination with zinc sulfate in vitro was found to be a potent (90% inhibition) 5α-reductase inhibitor , similar to the hair loss drugs finasteride and dutasteride . [ 27 ]
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Several skin whitening agents, including tyrosinase inhibitors, have been found to cause an increase in the expression of tyrosinase, which by itself would increase melanin synthesis. [ 41 ] Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the master transcription factor that controls the expression of TYR, TRP1, and TRP2, MART1 ...