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  2. Epeirogenic movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeirogenic_movement

    Epeirogenic movement can be permanent or transient. Transient uplift can occur over a thermal anomaly due to convecting anomalously hot mantle , and disappears when convection wanes. Permanent uplift can occur when igneous material is injected into the crust , and circular or elliptical structural uplift (that is, without folding) over a large ...

  3. Orogeny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orogeny

    Epeirogenic movement – Upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding; Fault mechanics – Field of study that investigates the behavior of geologic faults; Fold mountains – Mountains formed by compressive crumpling of the layers of rock; Guyot – Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain

  4. Inland sea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inland_sea

    [4] [a] An inland sea is only an epeiric sea when a continental interior is flooded by marine transgression due to sea level rise or epeirogenic movement. [6] [9] An epicontinental sea is synonymous with an epeiric sea. [9] The term "epicontinental sea" may also refer to the waters above a continental shelf. This is a legal, not geological ...

  5. Grove Karl Gilbert - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Karl_Gilbert

    In 1891, Gilbert examined the origins of a crater in Arizona, now known as Meteor Crater but then as Coon Butte. For several reasons, and against his intuition, he concluded it was the result of a volcanic steam explosion rather than an impact of a meteorite.

  6. Outline of plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_plate_tectonics

    The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually. Faults tend to be geologically active, experiencing earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation. Tectonic plates are composed of the oceanic lithosphere and the thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust.

  7. Magmatic underplating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatic_underplating

    Epeirogenic uplift is a long-wavelength form of uplift and be split up into two separate categories, which is transient and permanent. Permanent epeirogenic uplift is possibly mainly produced by magmatic underplating, [ 10 ] while transient uplift is more involved with mantle convection . [ 9 ]

  8. Laramide orogeny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramide_orogeny

    Since the Oligocene, episodic epeirogenic uplift gradually raised the entire region, including the Great Plains, to present elevations. Most of the modern topography is the result of Pliocene and Pleistocene events, including additional uplift, glaciation of the high country, and denudation and dissection of older Cenozoic surfaces in the basin ...

  9. Mantle plume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume

    Epeirogenic movement – Upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding; Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges; Verneshot – Hypothetical volcanic eruption event caused by the buildup of gas deep underneath a craton