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The destruction of Hargeisa and Burao (Somali: duqayntii Hargeysa iyo Burco) occurred in 1988 during the Somali Civil War.It was part of a counteroffensive launched by the Somali government under President Mohamed Siad Barre against the Somali National Movement (SNM), an opposition group active in northern Somalia (modern-day Somaliland).
The Somali National Movement (Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen [4] groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence. [5]
On August 29, 2010, He died in Hargeisa. The funeral of the deceased was attended by the President of Somaliland and hundreds of Somalilanders. [1] Later, the Abdillahi Askar Military Academy, named after him, was established in Dararweyne (east of Hargaysa) and graduated its first class in 2020. [8]
[10] [11] The SNM captured Burao on 27 May within two hours, [12] while the SNM entered Hargeisa on 29 May, overrunning most of the city apart from its airport by 1 June. [8] During the offensive the Somali National Army committed gross human rights violations, including attacking the civilian population using heavy artillery and tanks.
Ibrahim Degaweyne (Somali: Ibraahim Cabdilaahi Xuseen (Dhagaweyne), Ibraahin C/laahi Xuseen Dhego Wayne) is a Colonel of Somali National Movement (SNM). He is said to have never lost a battle. [1] Degaweyne confronted the Somaliland government over control of Berbera shortly after Somaliland regained independence.
The 1991 Zeila incursion (Somali: Dagaalkii Saylac) was a Djiboutian-backed incursion during the Somaliland War of Independence led by the United Somali Front (USF), purporting to politically represent the Issa clans in the western Awdal region of Somaliland, [1] with the goal of annexing the towns of Zeila, Loyada and Gerisa (Zeyla triangle) to Djibouti.
Between 1985 and 1987, the SNM conducted many attacks on government facilities and troops based out of camps in Ethiopia. By 1988, the SNM moved out of their camps in Ethiopia and began operating in northern Somali republic, the area now known as Somaliland. [2] They even temporarily occupied the provincial capitals of Burao and Hargeysa.
Hassan Isse Jama was also one of original founders of the SNM in London. [9] He was also the first vice president of Somaliland and served as the deputy chairman of the SNM. [9] Furthermore in 1983, Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah of the Arap clan was the first sultan to leave Somalia to Ethiopia and openly cooperate with the SNM. [10]