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Harold Kelley's covariation model (1967, 1971, 1972, 1973) [1] is an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave in a certain way. It is concerned with both social perception and self-perception (Kelley, 1973).
Harold Kelley (February 16, 1921 – January 29, 2003) was an American social psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles.His major contributions have been the development of interdependence theory (with John Thibaut), [1] [2] the early work of attribution theory, [3] and a lifelong interest in understanding close relationships processes.
Kelley's covariation model also led to the acknowledgment of attribution biases. [11] The model explained the conditions under which people will make informed dispositional versus situational attributions. But, it assumed that people had access to such information (i.e., the consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness of a person's behavior).
Attribution theory is the original parent theory with Harold Kelley's covariation model and Bernard Weiner's three-dimensional model branching from Attribution theory. Attribution theory also influenced several other theories as well such as Heider's Perceived Locus of Causality which eventually led to Deci and Ryan's Theory of Self-determination.
Developed by Harold Kelley in 1967, the covariation model is a well recognized attribution theory. It provides a structured approach in determining whether actions arise from dispositional or situational factors. This model emphasizes the use of several observations across different times and situations to identify patterns.
Kelley's attribution theory included the interaction between three variables: consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. [4] This interaction was summarized in Kelley's Covariation model, also known as Kelley's cube. Consistency refers to whether the person exhibit the behavior across time.
He is best known for "A Social Psychology of Groups", co-authored by his long-time collaborator Harold Kelley. The examination of social exchange led Thibaut and Kelley to develop Interdependence Theory , a process which was facilitated by Thibaut spending a year at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences where he had ...
The covariation model is used within this, more specifically that the degree in which one attributes behavior to the person as opposed to the situation. These factors are the following: does the person have a choice in the partaking in the action, is their behavior expected by their social role, and is their behavior consequence of their normal ...