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Written sources consider the age of settlement in Iceland to have begun with settlement by Ingólfr Arnarson around 874, for he was the first to sail to Iceland with the purpose of settling the land. Archaeological evidence shows that extensive human settlement of the island indeed began at this time, and "that the whole country was occupied ...
Mid-Atlantic Ridge and adjacent plates. Volcanoes indicated in red.. In geological terms, Iceland is a young island. It started to form in the Miocene era about 20 million years ago from a series of volcanic eruptions on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where it lies between the North American Plate and Eurasian Plate.
The Black Death hits Iceland for the first time. [25] It is estimated that half of the population died in the years 1402–1404. [26] 1433: Jöns Gerekesson, bishop of Skálholt, is killed. [27] 1494: The Black Death hits Iceland for the second time. [25] It is estimated that half of the population died in the years 1494–1495. [26]
Reykjavík, Iceland's largest metropolitan area and the centre of the Capital Region which, with a population of 233,034, makes for 64% of Iceland's population (numbers from 2020) The original population of Iceland was of Norse and Gaelic origin.
Icelanders established the country of Iceland in mid 930 CE when the Alþingi (parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established.
Only in western Norway (whence came the original settlers of Iceland) were the dialects kept relatively pure and free from Danish influence, so much so that in the second half of the 19th century the linguist Ivar Aasen created an authentic Norwegian idiom on the basis of them, first called landsmål "national language" and later nynorsk or ...
The lake has grown since then at varying rates because of melting of the glaciers. The glacial front is now about 8 km (5.0 mi) away from the ocean's edge and the lake covers an area of about 18 km 2 (6.9 sq mi). In 2009 it was reported to be the deepest lake in Iceland, at over 284 m (932 ft), as glacial retreat extended its boundaries. [1]
The famous statue by Einar Jónsson, up on Arnarhóll in Reykjavík Monument at Ingólfshöfði, the site where Ingólfur is said to have passed his first winter in Iceland Ingólfur Arnarson , in some sources named Bjǫrnólfsson , [ a ] ( c. 849 – c. 910 ) is commonly recognized as the first permanent Norse settler of Iceland , together ...