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In computer programming, specifically when using the imperative programming paradigm, an assertion is a predicate (a Boolean-valued function over the state space, usually expressed as a logical proposition using the variables of a program) connected to a point in the program, that always should evaluate to true at that point in code execution.
A software bug is a design defect in computer software.A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.. The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).
Many video gaming mod, cheat codes, such as level cheat code, invincibility, etc. were originally introduced as debug code to allow the programmers and/or testers to skip hindrances that would prevent them from rapidly getting to parts of the game that needed to be tested; and in these cases cheat modes are often referred to as debugging mode.
The Unix kernel maintains internal consistency and runtime correctness with assertions as the fault detection mechanism. The basic assumption is that the hardware and the software should perform correctly and a failure of an assertion results in a panic, i.e. a voluntary halt to all system activity. [5]
To make a fuzzer more sensitive to failures other than crashes, sanitizers can be used to inject assertions that crash the program when a failure is detected. [47] [48] There are different sanitizers for different kinds of bugs: to detect memory related errors, such as buffer overflows and use-after-free (using memory debuggers such as ...
Automatic bug fixing is made according to a specification of the expected behavior which can be for instance a formal specification or a test suite. [5]A test-suite – the input/output pairs specify the functionality of the program, possibly captured in assertions can be used as a test oracle to drive the search.
BUG, DEBUG — a known bug that should be corrected. FIXME — should be corrected. HACK, BODGE, KLUDGE — a workaround. TODO — something to be done. NOTE — used to highlight especially notable gotchas. UNDONE — a reversal or "roll back" of previous code. XXX — warn other programmers of problematic or misguiding code
These errors include non-recoverable internal system chipset errors, corruption in system memory such as parity and ECC errors, and data corruption detected on system and peripheral buses. On some systems, a computer user can trigger an NMI through hardware and software debugging interfaces and system reset buttons.