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Ludwig Boltzmann, after whom Boltzmann brains are named. The Boltzmann brain thought experiment suggests that it might be more likely for a brain to spontaneously form in space, complete with a memory of having existed in our universe, rather than for the entire universe to come about in the manner cosmologists think it actually did.
Boltzmann brain: If the universe we observe resulted from a random thermodynamic fluctuation, it would be vastly more likely to be a simple one than the complex one we observe. The simplest case would be just a brain floating in vacuum, having the thoughts and sensations an ostensible observer has.
Also, unlike Kelvin's paradox, it relies on cosmology rather than thermodynamics. The Boltzmann Brain can also be related to Kelvin's, as it focuses on the spontaneous generation of a brain (filled with false memories) from entropy fluctuations, in a universe which has been lying in a heat death state for an indefinite amount of time. [7]
Andrei Linde and coauthors have suggested that the stationary measure avoids both the youngness paradox and Boltzmann brains. [2] However, the stationary measure predicts extreme (either very large or very small) values of the primordial density contrast and the gravitational constant, inconsistent with observations.
The Boltzmann Brain can also be considered as a paradox, though there are different interpretations and potential resolutions. If you like this sort of thing, you may like to read about Roko's basilisk ( [5] ).
Boltzmann was born in Erdberg, a suburb of Vienna into a Catholic family. His father, Ludwig Georg Boltzmann, was a revenue official. His grandfather, who had moved to Vienna from Berlin, was a clock manufacturer, and Boltzmann's mother, Katharina Pauernfeind, was originally from Salzburg.
"The usual resolution of the Boltzmann brain paradox is that we and our environment are the products of a long process of natural selection, which can produce complex and improbable outcomes without violating the laws of thermodynamics." How exactly does evolution theory "resolve" this "paradox" ?
Additionally, the relationship between energy and information formulated by Brillouin has been proposed as a connection between the amount of bits that the brain processes and the energy it consumes: Collell and Fauquet [12] argued that De Castro [13] analytically found the Landauer limit as the thermodynamic lower bound for brain computations ...