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Urbanization was fastest in the Northeastern United States, which acquired an urban majority by 1880. [2] Some Northeastern U.S. states had already acquired an urban majority before then, including Massachusetts and Rhode Island (majority-urban by 1850), [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and New York (majority-urban since about 1870).
Urbanization over the past 500 years [12] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [13]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson, professors of urban planning and architecture at Georgia Tech and CUNY, respectively, wrote the book on this phenomenon.Much of their work is captured in their book, "Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs which discusses the phenomena of urban sprawl, economic development, climate change mitigation, and environmental justice.
Counterurbanization is the process by which people migrate from urban to rural communities, the opposite of urbanization. People have moved from urban to rural communities for various reasons, including job opportunities and simpler lifestyles. In recent years, due to technology, the urbanization process has been occurring in reverse.
Population growth and urbanization were driven by migration from overpopulated rural areas, even though the majority of jobs available were still in the agricultural sector. [7] The 17.2 percent of Korea's population that were urban dwellers in 1949 were attributed largely to the presence of rural migrants. [2]
There have however, also been periods of urbanization. During the mid to late 20th century, most socialist countries in the Eastern Bloc were characterized by under-urbanization, [9] which meant that industrial growth occurred well in advance of urban growth, which was sustained by rural-urban commuting. City growth, residential mobility, land ...
"The State of the Art in North American Urban History," Journal of Urban History (2006) 32#4 pp 582–597, identifies a loss of influence by such writers as Lewis Mumford, Robert Caro, and Sam Warner, a continuation of the emphasis on narrow, modern time periods, and a general decline in the importance of the field. Comments by Timothy Gilfoyle ...
Urbanization is a demographic phenomenon that results in a tendency for the population to concentrate in cities, and the thresholds that separate the urban world from the rural world vary greatly on a planetary scale: in fact, the UN's list includes one hundred different definitions of urban population. According to the 2017 World Bank report ...