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Cilia Structure. Primary cilia are found to be formed when a cell exits the cell cycle. [2] Cilia consist of four main compartments: the basal body at the base, the transition zone, the axenome which is an arrangement of nine doublet microtubules and considered to be the core of the cilium, and the ciliary membrane. [2]
A ciliopathy is any genetic disorder that affects the cellular cilia or the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies, [1] or ciliary function. [2] Primary cilia are important in guiding the process of development, so abnormal ciliary function while an embryo is developing can lead to a set of malformations that can occur regardless of the particular genetic problem. [3]
Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types. [5] [7] Most non-motile cilia, termed primary cilia or sensory cilia, serve solely as sensory organelles. [8] [9] Most vertebrate cell types possess a single non-motile primary cilium, which functions as a cellular antenna.
Intraflagellar transport in the cilia of the nematode C. elegans. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a bidirectional motility along axoneme microtubules that is essential for the formation (ciliogenesis) and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella. [1]
[12] [13] [14] This means that lower vertebrates can recover from deafness due to hair cell loss. Hair cell loss triggers supporting cells to re-enter the cell cycle . Mitotic ( mitosis ) divisions of quiescent supporting cells in the sensory epithelium of the cochlea give rise to both new hair cells and supporting cells. [ 12 ]
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliopathy, that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear, fallopian tube, and flagella of sperm cells.
Here’s what scientists do know: The ovaries are oblong glands each about the size of a kiwi. They’re responsible for the production and secretion of at least two essential hormones ...
A BBSome is a protein complex that operates in primary cilia biogenesis, homeostasis, and intraflagellar transport (IFT). [1] The BBSome recognizes cargo proteins and signaling molecules like G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the ciliary membrane and helps transport them to and from the primary cilia.