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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, or HOCM when obstructive) is a condition in which muscle tissues of the heart become thickened without an obvious cause. [8] The parts of the heart most commonly affected are the interventricular septum and the ventricles . [ 10 ]
There are several sets of criteria used to diagnose LVH via electrocardiography. [10] None of them are perfect, though by using multiple criteria sets, the sensitivity and specificity are increased. The Sokolow-Lyon index: [11] [12] S in V 1 + R in V 5 or V 6 (whichever is larger) ≥ 35 mm (≥ 7 large squares) R in aVL ≥ 11 mm
In 2015 cardiomyopathy and myocarditis affected 2.5 million people. [6] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects about 1 in 500 people while dilated cardiomyopathy affects 1 in 2,500. [3] [10] They resulted in 354,000 deaths up from 294,000 in 1990. [7] [11] Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is more common in young people. [2]
In either condition fewer than 10% of patients with significant hypertrophy display a normal EKG. [15] Transthoracic echocardiography, a similarly non-invasive assessment of cardiac morphology, is also important in determining both the degree of hypertrophy, underlying pathologies (such as aortic coarction), and degree of cardiac dysfunction.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening [10] [11] Cardiomegaly (sometimes megacardia or megalocardia ) is a medical condition in which the heart becomes enlarged. It is more commonly referred to simply as "having an enlarged heart ".
According to ICD-10, hypertensive heart disease (I11), and its subcategories: hypertensive heart disease with heart failure (I11.0) and hypertensive heart disease without heart failure (I11.9) are distinguished from chronic rheumatic heart diseases (I05-I09), other forms of heart disease (I30-I52) and ischemic heart diseases (I20-I25).
425 Cardiomyopathy. 425.0 Endomyocardial fibrosis; 425.1 Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; 425.2 Obscure cardiomyopathy of africa; 425.3 Endocardial fibroelastosis; 425.4 Other primary cardiomyopathies; 425.5 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy; 425.7 Nutritional and metabolic cardiomyopathy; 425.8 Cardiomyopathy in other diseases classified elsewhere
The preferred technique is the trans-oesophageal approach giving a view of 4 chambers. The normal thickness of a right ventricular free wall ranges from 2-5 millimetres, with a value above 5 mm considered to be hypertrophic. [10]