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The vacuum expectation value of an operator O is usually denoted by . One of the most widely used examples of an observable physical effect that results from the vacuum expectation value of an operator is the Casimir effect.
In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as an average of all the possible outcomes of a measurement as weighted by their likelihood, and as such it is not the most probable value of a measurement; indeed the expectation value may have zero probability of occurring (e.g. measurements which ...
Any definition of expected value may be extended to define an expected value of a multidimensional random variable, i.e. a random vector X. It is defined component by component, as E[ X ] i = E[ X i ] .
Peace of mind is priceless. But having an accurate value of your personal property can help protect you from loss, damage, or theft. As a best practice, keep an updated inventory of your personal ...
In bioinformatics, the root mean square deviation of atomic positions, or simply root mean square deviation (RMSD), is the measure of the average distance between the atoms (usually the backbone atoms) of superimposed molecules. [1]
Data source: Federal Reserve. Calculations by author. You'll also notice a metric called "net worth multiple" at the bottom of the table. That's how much the median household is worth relative to ...
The RMS value of a set of values (or a continuous-time waveform) is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the values, or the square of the function that defines the continuous waveform.
Calories provide the energy needed to stay alive, but some foods pack in more "empty" calories, i.e. those that don't offer much nutritional value (think: highly processed, overly sugary, and ...