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A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
Illustration of an activator. In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) can be engineered to bind to practically any desired DNA sequence, so when combined with a nuclease, DNA can be cut at specific locations. [1] The restriction enzymes can be introduced into cells, for use in gene editing or for genome editing in situ , a technique known as genome editing with ...
[7] [8] [9] This enhancer, located in the large intron, provided an explanation for the transcriptional activation of rearranged Vh gene promoters while unrearranged Vh promoters remained inactive. [10] Lately, enhancers have been shown to be involved in certain medical conditions, for example, myelosuppression. [11]
The transactivation domain or trans-activating domain (TAD) is a transcription factor scaffold domain which contains binding sites for other proteins such as transcription coregulators.
[1] who also coined the term "RNAa" [1] as a contrast to RNA interference to describe such gene activation phenomenon. dsRNAs that trigger RNAa have been termed small activating RNA (saRNA). [2] Unlike RNAi, where small RNAs typically lead to gene silencing, RNAa demonstrates that small RNAs can also act as activators of gene expression.
Transcriptional repression in cancer can also occur by other epigenetic mechanisms, such as altered expression of microRNAs. [60] In breast cancer, transcriptional repression of BRCA1 may occur more frequently by over-expressed microRNA-182 than by hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter (see Low expression of BRCA1 in breast and ovarian cancers).
Activating transcription factor, ATF, is a group of bZIP transcription factors, which act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. [1] First, they have been described as members of the CREB/ATF family, [2] whereas it turned out later that some of them might be more similar to AP-1-like factors such as c-Jun or c-Fos. [3]