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Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations.
The Principles of Anarchism (c. 1890s) by Lucy Parsons; The Soul of Man under Socialism (1891) by Oscar Wilde; The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin; Anarchy Defended by Anarchists (1896) by Emma Goldman and Johann Most (1914–1984) Anarchism: From Theory to Practice (1965) by Daniel Guérin (1985–present) Listen, Anarchist! (1987 ...
The three most common forms of defining anarchism are the "etymological" (an-archei, without a ruler, but anarchism is not merely a negation); the "anti-statism" (while this seems to be pivotal, it certainly does not describe the essence of anarchism); and the "anti-authoritarian" definition (denial of every kind of authority, which over ...
Contemporary anarchism, with its shift in focus from class-based oppression to all forms of oppression, began to address race-based oppression in earnest in the 1990s with Black anarchists Lorenzo Ervin and Kuwasi Balagoon, the journal Race Traitor, and movement-building organizations including Love and Rage, Anarchist People of Color, Black ...
In 1895, the Jewish anarchist J. A. Maryson began calling for a "pure and simple" anarchism that upheld freedom of opinion, arguing that diversity was an essential component of freedom. [40] Voltairine de Cleyre, an American anarchist whose advocacy of anarchism without adjectives has inspired sections of contemporary anarchism
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was the first person known to self-identify as an anarchist, adopting the label in order to provoke those that took anarchy to mean disorder. [53] Proudhon was one of the first people to use the word "anarchy" (French: anarchie) in a positive sense, to mean a free society without government. [54]
Black anarchism A political philosophy primarily of African-Americans, opposed to what it sees as the oppression of people of colour by the white ruling class through the power of the state. [7] Black bloc An affinity group, or cluster of affinity groups that assembles during protests, demonstrations, or other forms of direct action.
Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict.Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade unions as both a means to achieve immediate improvements to working conditions and to build towards a social revolution in the form of a general strike, with the ...