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Catheter access, sometimes called a CVC (central venous catheter), consists of a plastic catheter with two lumens (or occasionally two separate catheters) which is inserted into a large vein (usually the vena cava, via the internal jugular vein or the femoral vein) to allow large flows of blood to be withdrawn from one lumen, to enter the dialysis circuit, and to be returned via the other lumen.
The femoral vein is often used to place a central venous catheter, or line for venous access. Ultrasound imaging for locating the vein and catheter placement is advocated over the use of anatomical landmarks due to the possible presence of anatomical variants. [23] [24] [25] This is associated with a significant risk of infection. [25] [26]
Tunneled catheters have multiple channels called lumens which lay exposed on the surface of the skin. These lumens are the access points when the catheter is used. Tunneled catheters can be single, double, or triple lumened. Removal of a tunneled catheter is a simple procedure requiring only local anesthetic. A bandage is applied to the site to ...
Implanted central venous catheter Implanted port. The "nipples" which define the clinician's target area are here readily discerned. Gripper needle inserted in port. An implanted central venous catheter, also called a port a "cath" or "port-a-cath", is similar to a tunneled catheter, but is left entirely under the skin and is accessible via a ...
The catheter is introduced into the vein by a needle (similar to blood drawing), which is subsequently removed while the small plastic cannula remains in place. The catheter is then fixed by taping it to the patient's skin or using an adhesive dressing. A peripheral venous catheter is the most commonly used vascular access in medicine.
In some situations, venous access is obtained by inserting catheters into the large central veins of the trunk of the body such as the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins. This type of venous access is performed with central venous catheters (CVCs) , and is required in certain situations where peripheral access is inadequate.
A dialysis catheter is a catheter used for exchanging blood to and from a hemodialysis machine and a patient. The dialysis catheter contains two lumens: venous and arterial. Although both lumens are in the vein, the "arterial" lumen, like natural arteries, carries blood away from the heart, while the "venous" lumen returns blood towards the heart.
A valvulotome is a catheter-based controllable surgical instrument used for cutting or disabling the venous valves. [1] This is needed to enable an in situ bypass in patients with an occluded artery (especially femoral artery), where the saphenous vein is disconnected from the venous system and connected to arteries above and below the occluded segment to allow blood to flow to the lower leg.