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2. Mitochondrial DNA - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

   Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. [4] This sequencing revealed that human mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA. [5]

3. Human mitochondrial genetics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics

   The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA).

4. Genealogical DNA test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test

   Mitochondrial DNA usually has 16,569 base pairs (the number can vary slightly depending on addition or deletion mutations) [24] and is much smaller than the human genome DNA which has 3.2 billion base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is transmitted from mother to child, as it is contained in the egg cell.

5. Most recent common ancestor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor

   It can be used to trace patrilineal inheritance and to find the Y-chromosomal Adam, the most recent common ancestor of all humans via the Y-DNA pathway. Approximate dates for Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam have been established by researchers using genealogical DNA tests. Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived about 200,000 ...

6. Human genome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

   The human mitochondrial DNA is of tremendous interest to geneticists, since it undoubtedly plays a role in mitochondrial disease. It also sheds light on human evolution; for example, analysis of variation in the human mitochondrial genome has led to the postulation of a recent common ancestor for all humans on the maternal line of descent (see ...

7. MT-ND3 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-ND3

   MT-ND3 is located in human mitochondrial DNA from base pair 10,059 to 10,404. [5] The MT-ND3 gene produces a 13 kDa protein composed of 115 amino acids. [9] [10] MT-ND3 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), together with MT-ND1, MT-ND2, MT-ND4, MT-ND4L, MT-ND5, and MT-ND6.