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  2. Directional selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_selection

    A significant example of directional selection in populations is the fluctuations of light and dark phenotypes in peppered moths in the 1800s. [16] During the industrial revolution, environmental conditions were rapidly changing with the newfound emission of dark, black smoke from factories that would change the color of trees, rocks, and other ...

  3. Stabilizing selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilizing_selection

    Stabilizing selection is the most common form of nonlinear selection (non-directional) in humans. [13] There are few examples of genes with direct evidence of stabilizing selection in humans. However, most quantitative traits (height, birthweight, schizophrenia) are thought to be under stabilizing selection, due to their polygenicity and the ...

  4. Disruptive selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive_selection

    These charts depict the different types of genetic selection. On each graph, the x-axis variable is the type of phenotypic trait and the y-axis variable is the amount of organisms. Group A is the original population and Group B is the population after selection. Graph 1 shows directional selection, in which a single extreme phenotype is favored.

  5. Selection gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_gradient

    The first and most common function to estimate fitness of a trait is linear ω =α +βz, which represents directional selection. [1] [10] The slope of the linear regression line (β) is the selection gradient, ω is the fitness of a trait value z, and α is the y-intercept of the fitness function. Here, the function indicates either an increase ...

  6. Selection limits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_limits

    The existence of limits in artificial selection experiments was discussed in the scientific literature in the 1940s or earlier. [1] The most obvious possible cause of reaching a limit (or plateau) when a population is under continued directional selection is that all of the additive-genetic variation (see additive genetic effects) related to that trait gets "used up" or fixed. [2]

  7. Modularity (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity_(biology)

    [3] Stabilizing selection: While seeming antithetical to forming novel modules, Wagner maintains that it is important to consider the effects of stabilizing selection as it may be "an important counter force against the evolution of modularity". Stabilizing selection, if ubiquitously spread across the network, could then be a "wall" that makes ...

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  9. Developmental bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_bias

    For example, developmental bias can affect the rate or path to an adaptive peak (high-fitness phenotype), [5] and conversely, strong directional selection can modify the developmental bias to increase the phenotypic variation in the direction of selection. [12] Developmental bias for continuous characters.