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The English Outdoor Council, an umbrella body, defines outdoor education as a way for students and teachers to be fully engaged in a lesson, all the while embracing the outdoors. The EOC deems outdoor education as "providing depth to the curriculum and makes an important contribution to students' physical, personal and social education.".
However, student autonomy is considered to be controversial in regards to outdoor adventure educational programs, due to risk management concerns. Yet, it is recommended that the instructors of these types of programs must fully understand the risks of student autonomy prior to implementing them as part of an adventure education program.
In rural areas, and historical times, access to nature has not been a problem. Over the last century, with increasing urbanisation and "nature deficit disorder", there have been many changes in stance on outdoor education. The first forest kindergarten was created by Ella Flautau in Denmark in the early 1950s. The idea formed gradually as a ...
A tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands. The advantage of mesocosm studies is that environmental gradients of interest (e.g., warming temperatures) can be controlled or combined to separate and understand the underlying mechanism(s) affecting the growth or survival of species, populations or communities of interest.
Stourhead in Wiltshire, England, designed by Henry Hoare (1705–1785), "the first landscape gardener, who showed in a single work, genius of the highest order" [1]. Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioural, or aesthetic outcomes. [2]
An outdoor retailer or outdoor store is a retail businesses selling apparel and general merchandise for outdoor activities. [ 1 ] The stores may cater for a range of activities, including camping , hunting , fishing , hiking , trekking , mountaineering , skiing , snowboarding , cycling , mountain biking , kayaking , rafting and water sports .
The basic equipment required for orienteering is usually listed as a compass and appropriate outdoor clothing. Most national bodies recommend that a whistle be carried for safety reasons. Competitive orienteers usually use specialized equipment: A thumb compass, or protractor compass on a short wrist cord. A clear map case to protect the map.
Ventilation is the intentional introduction of outdoor air into a space. Ventilation is mainly used to control indoor air quality by diluting and displacing indoor pollutants ; it can also be used to control indoor temperature, humidity, and air motion to benefit thermal comfort , satisfaction with other aspects of the indoor environment, or ...