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State capitalism is an economic system in which the state undertakes business and commercial (i.e., for-profit) economic activity and where the means of production are nationalized as state-owned enterprises (including the processes of capital accumulation, centralized management and wage labor).
A house number plaque marking state property in Riga, Latvia. State ownership, also called public ownership or government ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, property, or enterprise by the national government of a country or state, or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or private party. [1]
According to Aldo Musacchio, a professor at Harvard Business School, state capitalism is a system in which governments, whether democratic or autocratic, exercise a widespread influence on the economy either through direct ownership or various subsidies. Musacchio notes a number of differences between today's state capitalism and its predecessors.
However, despite Rothbard's claims, Marxists do make a distinction between free-market capitalism and state capitalism. [95] The term state capitalism was first used by Marxist politician Wilhelm Liebknecht in 1896 [96] and Friedrich Engels, who developed Marxist theory, talked about capitalism with state ownership as a different form of ...
A property-owning democracy differs to a system of welfare-state capitalism, in which the state guarantees a social minimum but does not significantly intervene in the free market. [ 2 ] : 180 Welfare-state capitalism is based upon a redistribution of income through means tested social welfare , as opposed to a reallocation of productive ...
The Future of the Capitalist State. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2272-0. Jessop, Bob (1990). State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in its Place. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-00735-4. Saville, John (1994). The Consolidation of the Capitalist State, 1800-1850. London and Boulder, Colorado: Pluto Press.
In modern practice, social democracy has taken the form of predominantly capitalist economies, with the state regulating the economy in the form of welfare capitalism, economic interventionism, partial public ownership, a robust welfare state, policies promoting social equality, and a more equitable distribution of income. [2] [3]
The Chinese experience with socialism with Chinese characteristics is frequently referred to as a socialist market economy where the commanding heights are state-owned, but a substantial portion of both the state and private sectors of economy are governed by market practices, including a stock exchange for trading equity and the utilization of ...