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  2. Nickel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel

    Coins still made with nickel alloys include one- and two-euro coins, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, 50¢, and $1 U.S. coins, [73] and 20p, 50p, £1, and £2 UK coins. From 2012 on the nickel-alloy used for 5p and 10p UK coins was replaced with nickel-plated steel. This ignited a public controversy regarding the problems of people with nickel allergy. [68]

  3. Discovery of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_chemical_elements

    Perey discovered it as a decay product of 227 Ac. [177] Francium was the last element to be discovered in nature, rather than synthesized in the lab, although four of the "synthetic" elements that were discovered later (plutonium, neptunium, astatine, and promethium) were eventually found in trace amounts in nature as well. [178]

  4. List of English inventions and discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_inventions...

    Nonetheless, science and technology in England continued to develop rapidly in absolute terms. Furthermore, according to a Japanese research firm, over 40% of the world's inventions and discoveries were made in the UK, followed by France with 24% of the world's inventions and discoveries made in France and followed by the US with 20%. [1]

  5. Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_discovery...

    Bronze Age, Near East (3600–1200 BC), Europe (3600–600 BC), Indian Subcontinent (3300–1200 BC). Chalcolithic Age (copper age) beginning about 7,000 years ago: copper, gold, silver, mercury. In the early Bronze Age, lead was used with antimony and arsenic. [2] The use of meteoric iron–nickel alloy has been traced as far back as 3500 BC.

  6. Metals of antiquity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals_of_antiquity

    The earliest gold artifacts were discovered at the site of Wadi Qana in the Levant. [13] Silver is estimated to have been discovered in Asia Minor shortly after copper and gold. [14] There is evidence that iron was known from before 5000 BC. [15] The oldest known iron objects used by humans are some beads of meteoric iron, made in Egypt in ...

  7. List of British innovations and discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British...

    Engineers during World War Two test a model of a Halifax bomber in a wind tunnel, an invention that dates back to 1871.. The following is a list and timeline of innovations as well as inventions and discoveries that involved British people or the United Kingdom including the predecessor states before the Treaty of Union in 1707, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland.

  8. Ferrous metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy

    The earliest smelted iron objects found in Europe date from the 3rd millennium BC (c. 2500 BC), and are assigned to the Yamnaya culture and Catacomb culture. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] Eastern Europe, especially the Cis-Ural region, shows the highest concentration of early and middle Bronze Age iron objects in western Eurasia. [ 51 ]

  9. History of chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chemistry

    A law was passed in England in 1403 which made the "multiplication of metals" punishable by death. Despite these and other apparently extreme measures, alchemy did not die. Royalty and privileged classes still sought to discover the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life for themselves. [37]