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Respiratory acidosis is a state in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis). Carbon dioxide is produced continuously as the body's cells respire, and this CO2 will accumulate rapidly if the lungs do not adequately ...
6.1 is the acid dissociation constant (pK a) of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) at normal body temperature [HCO − 3] is the concentration of bicarbonate in the blood in mEq/L; PaCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood in mmHg; The kidney and the liver are two main organs responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH.
In physiology, base excess and base deficit refer to an excess or deficit, respectively, in the amount of base present in the blood. The value is usually reported as a concentration in units of mEq/L (mmol/L), with positive numbers indicating an excess of base and negative a deficit. A typical reference range for base excess is −2 to +2 mEq/L ...
The anion gap is a calculated measure. It is computed with a formula that uses the results of several individual lab tests, each of which measures the concentration of a specific anion or cation. The concentrations are expressed in units of milliequivalents / liter (mEq/L) or in millimoles/litre (mmol/L).
Generally, metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid (e.g., lactic acidosis, see below section), there is a loss of bicarbonate from the blood, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. Chronic metabolic acidosis is most often caused by a decreased capacity of the kidneys to excrete excess acids ...
Winters's formula, [1] named after R. W. Winters, [2] is a formula used to evaluate respiratory compensation when analyzing acid-base disorders in the presence of metabolic acidosis. [3][4] It can be given as: , where HCO3− is given in units of mEq/L and P CO2 will be in units of mmHg.
CO. 2 content (also known as "Total CO. 2 ") is a blood test that usually appears on a "Chem 19" or an electrolyte panel. The value measures the total dissolved Carbon dioxide (CO. 2) in blood. It is determined by combining the Bicarbonate (HCO−. 3) and the partial pressure of CO. 2 multiplied by a factor which estimates the amount of pure CO.
Pulmonology, critical care medicine. Hypercapnia (from the Greek hyper = "above" or "too much" and kapnos = "smoke"), also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels in the blood. Carbon dioxide is a gaseous product of the body's metabolism and is normally expelled through the lungs.