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The intermembral index is a ratio used to compare limb proportions, expressed as a percentage. [1] It is equal to the length of forelimbs (humerus plus radius) divided by the length of the hind limbs (femur plus tibia) multiplied by 100, [2] otherwise written mathematically as:
For example, human body height is to be the length of eight heads, with an additional one-quarter head for neck length. Leg length is to be four head lengths. [1] Forensic estimation of stature is part of the identification process necessary when dismembered body parts are found. It is also possible to estimate the stature from bones. [2]
The femur is the largest and thickest bone in the human body. It is considered the strongest bone by some measures, though other studies suggest the temporal bone may be stronger. On average, the femur length accounts for 26.74% of a person's height, [4] a ratio found in both men and women across most ethnic groups with minimal
The major bones of the leg are the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and adjacent fibula, and these are all long bones. The patella (kneecap) is the sesamoid bone in front of the knee . Most of the leg skeleton has bony prominences and margins that can be palpated and some serve as anatomical landmarks that define the extent of the leg.
On X-rays, there is generally measurement of both the femur and the tibia, as well as both combined. [4] Various measuring points for these have been suggested, but a functional method is to measure the distances between joint surfaces: [4] Femur length: The superior aspect of the femoral head and the distal portion of the medial femoral condyle.
In humans, the two femurs converge medially toward the knees, where they articulate with the proximal ends of the tibiae.The angle of convergence of the femora is a major factor in determining the femoral-tibial angle.
The femur is the only bone in the thigh and serves as an attachment site for all thigh muscles. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and patella forming the knee. By most measures, the femur is the strongest and longest bone ...
The lower one was somewhat narrower than the upper end of the joint. A tibia associated with a femur about 56cm long measured 29cm in length. This corresponds to the ratio known in other mylodons of extremely short lower sections of the hindlimbs compared to the upper ones. As a result, the tibia was only half the length of the femur.