Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), also known as ciguatera, is a foodborne illness caused by eating reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins. [ 4 ] [ 2 ] Such individual fish are said to be ciguatoxic . Symptoms may include diarrhea , vomiting, numbness, itchiness, sensitivity to hot and cold, dizziness , and weakness.
Such poisoning from ciguatoxins is known as ciguatera. Ciguatoxins are lipophilic , able to cross the blood–brain barrier , and can cause both central and peripheral neurologic symptoms. The major symptoms will develop within 1–3 hours of toxin ingestion: vomiting, diarrhea, numbness of extremities, mouth and lips, reversal of hot and cold ...
Gambierdiscus toxicus is a species of photosynthetic unicellular eukaryote belonging to the Alveolata, part of the SAR supergroup.It is a dinoflagellate which can cause the foodborne illness ciguatera, [1] and is known to produce several natural polyethers including ciguatoxin, maitotoxin, gambieric acid, and gambierol.
Afterwards, carnivorous fish, which are targeted by fishing industries, move the toxins further up the food chain. Ciguatera is the most common form of seafood poisoning caused by harmful algal blooms in the world and its incidence and range appear to spread. Best estimates indicate that more than 50,000 people are globally affected every year.
Ciguatoxin 1 or CTX-1 is a toxic chemical compound, the most common and potent type in the group of ciguatoxins.It is a large molecule consisting of polycyclic polyethers that can be found in certain types of fish in the Pacific Ocean.
Since CTX4A was identified in Gambierdiscus toxicus and in parrotfish, the first link in the food chain, it was concluded that Gambierdiscus toxicus is the biogenetic origin of ciguatera toxins found in fish. [6] Ciguatoxins, CTX-group toxins, generally accumulate in the skin, head, viscera, and roe of big reef fish [7]
Groupers are commonly reported as a source of ciguatera fish poisoning. [27] DNA barcoding of grouper species might help control Ciguatera fish poisoning since fish are easily identified, even from meal remnants, with molecular tools.
It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. This species inhabits various reef environments at depths from near the surface to 120 metres (390 ft). It is a very important species for local commercial fisheries and is popular as a game fish, though it has been reported to cause ciguatera poisoning. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.