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Scotch bonnet (also known as Bonney peppers, or Caribbean red peppers) [1] is a variety of chili pepper named for its supposed resemblance to a Scottish tam o' shanter bonnet. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is native to the Americas —a cultivar of Capsicum chinense , which originated in the Amazon Basin , Central and South America .
Habanero [18] 100,000–350,000 SHU: 5 cm (2.0 in) Once considered to be the hottest chili pepper, the habanero has been surpassed by other hot varieties, but it is nonetheless hotter than most commonly available cultivars. The habanero has a subtle, fruity flavour and a floral aroma. It is closely related to many other very hot peppers.
The habanero is named after the Cuban city of La Habana, known in English as Havana, because it used to feature heavily in trading there.(Despite the name, habaneros and other spicy-hot ingredients are rarely used in traditional Cuban cooking.) [2] [3] In English, it is sometimes incorrectly spelled habañero and pronounced / ˌ (h) ɑː b ə ˈ n j ɛər oʊ /, the tilde being added as a ...
The scientific species name C. chinense or C. sinensis ("Chinese capsicum") is a misnomer. All Capsicum species originated in the New World. [7] Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), a Dutch botanist, erroneously named the species in 1776, because he believed it originated in China due to their prevalence in Chinese cuisine; it however was later found to be introduced by earlier European ...
The C. baccatum species, particularly the ají amarillo chili, has its origins in ancient Peru and across the Andean region of South America. [7] It is typically associated with Peruvian cuisine, and is considered part of its condiment trinity together with red onion and coriander.
Pepper stand at Central Market in Houston, Texas, showing its peppers ranked on the Scoville scale The ghost pepper of Northeast India is considered to be a "very hot" pepper, at about 1 million SHU. [1]
Before the early 1990s, there were only two peppers which had been measured above 350,000 SHU, the Scotch bonnet and the habanero. [2] California farmer Frank Garcia used a sport of a habanero to develop a new cultivar, the Red Savina ( C. chinense ), [ 3 ] which was measured at 570,000 in 1994.
It is one of the hottest forms of curry regularly available, even hotter than the vindaloo, using many ground standard chilli peppers, or a hotter type of chilli such as scotch bonnet, habanero, or Carolina Reaper. Typically, the dish is a tomato-based thick curry and includes ginger and optionally fennel seeds. [2]