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bcache (abbreviated from block cache) is a cache mechanism in the Linux kernel's block layer, which is used for accessing secondary storage devices. It allows one or more fast storage devices, such as flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs), to act as a cache for one or more slower storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs); this ...
A solid-state drive (SSD) provides secondary storage for relatively complex systems including personal computers, embedded systems, portable devices, large servers and network-attached storage (NAS). To satisfy such a wide range of uses, SSDs are produced with various features, capacities, interfaces and physical sizes and layouts. [4]
With Open Channel SSDs the L2P table is stored in host memory and the host CPU maintains that table. While the Open Channel SSD approach is more flexible, a significant amount of host memory and host CPU cycles is required for L2P management. With an average write size of 4 KB, almost 3 GB RAM is required for an SSD with a size of 1 TB. [9]
The SSD controller will use free blocks on the SSD for garbage collection and wear leveling. The portion of the user capacity which is free from user data (either already TRIMed or never written in the first place) will look the same as over-provisioning space (until the user saves new data to the SSD).
The number of defective blocks in different chips within a NAND flash memory varies: a given chip could have all its data blocks worn out while another chip in the same device could have all its blocks still active. Global wear leveling addresses this problem by managing all blocks from all chips in the flash memory together―in a single pool.
The ext4, Btrfs, XFS, JFS, and F2FS file systems include support for the discard (TRIM or UNMAP) function. To make use of TRIM, a file system must be mounted using the discard parameter. Linux swap partitions are by default performing discard operations when the underlying drive supports TRIM, with the possibility to turn them off.
"But if you know that you just cracked the egg by accident, then I would cook that one up and call it good," she said. 'I'm A Heart Surgeon, Here's What You Should Know About Eggs, Your Heart And ...
Both hdparm and mdtrim find free blocks by allocating a large file on the filesystem and resolving what physical location it was assigned to. Regardless of operating system, the drive can detect when the computer writes all zeros to a block, and de-allocate (trim) that block instead of recording the block of zeros.