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Veṇpā is a closely related family of very strict [6] Tamil verse forms. They differ chiefly in the number of standard lines that occur before the final short line. In kuṟaḷ-veṇpā (or simply "kural") a single 4-foot ("standard") line is followed by a final 3-foot ("short") line, resulting in a 7-foot couplet. [7]
In 1968, the Tamil Nadu government made it mandatory to display a Kural couplet in all government buses. The train running a distance of 2,921 kilometers between Kanyakumari and New Delhi is named by the Indian Railways as the Thirukural Express. [271] The Kural is part of Tamil people's everyday life across the global Tamil diaspora. K.
Tirukkural in Easy English (Vol. 1) (Vol. 2 On Love) Chennai (Notion Press) 2021: 154 pages; published again in 2022 (300 pages) Kavikkuyil Anaivaariyar: Thirukkural: Pearls of Wisdom from Classical Tamil Series: Chennai (Notion Press) 2021: 322 pages: P. Subramanian: Thirukkural—A Comprehensive Vision for Life (Jazym Books) 2021: 552 pages ...
A Gift of Tamil: Translations of Tamil Literature (Edited by Paula Richman) New Delhi (Manohar and American Institute of Indian Studies) 42: 1995: T. R. Kallapiran: 43: 1995: D. V. G. Ramarathinam: Tirukkural (Thiyaga Durgam) Prose: Complete: 44: 1997: G. N. Das: Readings from Thirukkural: New Delhi (Abhinav Publication) Verse and Prose: Select
E. S. Ariel, also referred to as Monsieur Ariel (French for "Mr. Ariel") by his contemporaries, was a 19th-century French translator known for his French translation of the ancient Indian philosophical text of the Tirukkural.
Manakkudavar (c. 10th century CE) was a Tamil scholar and commentator known for his commentary on the Tirukkural. [1] His is the earliest of the available commentaries on the Kural text, [2] [3] [4] and hence considered to bear closest semblance with the original work by Valluvar. [5]
The Book of Poruḷ, in full Poruṭpāl (Tamil: பொருட்பால்; lit. 'division of wealth' or 'polity'), also known as the Book of Wealth, Book of Polity, the Second Book or Book Two in translated versions, is the second of the three books or parts of the Kural literature, authored by the ancient Indian philosopher Valluvar.
The Kural remains the most reviewed work of the Tamil literature, with almost every scholar down the ages having written commentaries on it.Of the several hundred commentaries written on the didactic work over the centuries, the commentaries written by a group of ten medieval scholars are considered to have high literary value.