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In the context of the Quran, the particular sense of 'sharing as an equal partner' is usually understood, so that polytheism means 'attributing a partner to God'. In the Quran, shirk and the related word mushrikūn (مشركون)—those who commit shirk and plot against Islam—often refer to the enemies of Islam (as in al-Tawbah verses 9:1–15).
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god. [1] [2] [3] According to Oxford Reference, it is not easy to count gods, and so not always obvious whether an apparently polytheistic religion, such as Chinese Folk Religions, is really so, or whether the apparent different objects of worship are to be thought of as manifestations of a singular divinity. [1]
Muslim sources regarding Arabian polytheism include the eighth-century Book of Idols by Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, which F.E. Peters argued to be the most substantial treatment of the religious practices of pre-Islamic Arabia, [10] as well as the writings of the Yemeni historian al-Hasan al-Hamdani on South Arabian religious beliefs. [11]
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims , who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians .
(literally 'religion') the way of life based on Islamic revelation; the sum total of a Muslim's faith and practice. Dīn is often used to mean the faith and religion of Islam. Diyyah (دية) "blood money", recompense for loss of a life. Div (دیو) "demon", hideous creatures in Muslim beliefs. Duʿāʾ (دعاء) personal prayer, supplication
In the pre-Islamic Arabian religion, deities, jinn, angels, and demons are not clearly distinguished and shade into another. [90] [91] Several angels in the Quran function as personified meteorological phenomena, and may root in polytheistic animistic beliefs. [92]
The common Christian doctrines of Jesus' Incarnation, the Trinity, and the resurrection of Jesus, for example, are accepted in neither Judaism nor Islam. There are fundamental beliefs in both Islam and Judaism that are likewise denied by most of Christianity (e.g., the restrictions on pork consumption found in Jewish and Islamic dietary law ...
Allāh is the Arabic word referring to God in Abrahamic religions. [25] [26] [27] In the English language, the word generally refers to God in Islam.The Arabic word Allāh is thought to be derived by contraction from al-ʾilāh, which means "the god", [1] (i.e., the only god) and is related to El and Elah, the Hebrew and Aramaic words for God.