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Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...
Environmental factors, including physical exercise, have been shown to have a beneficial influence on epigenetic modifications. Generally, it has been shown that acute and long-term exercise has a significant effect on DNA methylation, an important aspect of epigenetic modifications.
The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise [3] or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise". [4] Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology, and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Exercise for weight loss and its link to long life is explored in new research. Exercise carries many health benefits, independent of how much weight loss occurs. New science on exercise shows how ...
The effects of physical activity can be distributed throughout the whole brain, such as higher gray matter density and white matter integrity after exercise training, [44] [45] and/or on specific brain areas, such as greater activation in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. [46] Neuroplasticity is also the underlying mechanism of skill acquisition.
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.
Cycling is a popular form of exercise. Weight training. Exercise or workout is physical activity that enhances or maintains fitness and overall health. [1] [2] which is performed for various reasons, including weight loss or maintenance, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, prevent injuries, hone athletic skills, improve health, [3] or simply for ...
The adaptation of the load is called supercompensation. Initial fitness, training, recovery, and supercompensation. First put forth by Russian scientist Nikolai N. Yakovlev in 1949–1959, [2] this theory is a basic principle of athletic training.