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The monolithic column shaft is 20.46 m (67.1 ft) in height with a diameter of 2.71 m (8 ft 11 in) at its base, and the socle itself is over 6 m (20 ft) tall. [ 4 ] [ 11 ] Both are of lapis syenites , a pink granite cut from the ancient quarries at Syene (modern Aswan ), while the column capital of pseudo-Corinthian type is of grey granite. [ 4 ]
The columns are placed 2.5 m away from the walls and in each row the columns are approximately 1.4 m away from the next, while the space between the two rows is 3 m. [ 37 ] A second hall (12.5 by 10 m [ 37 ] ) is accessed by a 3 m door at the center of the back wall of the first.
Western tower of the Greek & Islamic town wall, Alexandria, Egypt Western tower, remains of the Hellenistic & Islamic city wall, Alexandria, Egypt Western tower of the Greek town wall, Alexandria, Egypt. Citadel of Qaitbay, Alexandria; Fortification of Bab Rosetta, Alexandria [27] Qaitbey Citadel, Rosetta (known as Fort Julien)
A strap footing is a component of a building's foundation. It is a type of combined footing, [1] consisting of two or more column footings connected by a concrete beam. This type of beam is called a strap beam. It is used to help distribute the weight of either heavily or eccentrically loaded column footings to adjacent footings. [2]
A grade beam or grade beam footing is a component of a building's foundation. It consists of a reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into spaced foundations such as pile caps or caissons. [ 1 ]
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (/ ˈ k ɑːr. n æ k /), [1] comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt.. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I (reigned 1971–1926 BC) in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2000–1700 BC) and continued into the Ptolemaic Kingdom (305–30 BC), although most of the extant ...
Columns were typically adorned with capitals decorated to resemble plants important to Egyptian civilization, such as the papyrus plant, the lotus, or palm. [7] [12] Obelisks were another characteristic feature. Walls were decorated with scenes and hieroglyphic texts either painted or incised in relief. [13] [7]
Stuart [1] was the first pioneer to study the interference phenomenon of closely spaced surface strip footing. He examined the effect of footing interference on ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings by theoretical analysis using limit equilibrium method, assuming a non-linear failure surface wherein the cross-section composed of logarithmic spiral and straight line portion tangent to the ...