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The framing effect is a cognitive bias in which people decide between options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations. [1] Individuals have a tendency to make risk-avoidant choices when options are positively framed, while selecting more loss-avoidant options when presented with a negative frame.
While firm, obstinate, and pig-headed are all synonymous with stubbornness, the emotive connotations of these words are different. Firm carries a positive connotation, obstinate carries a neutral (or slightly negative) connotation, and pig-headed fool carries a negative connotation. Thus, most individuals have a positive reaction toward the ...
There are eight series of program statements dealing with various subjects. [1] The Program Statements represent the internal policies of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and often quote the United States Code and Code of Federal Regulations and provide the FBOP's interpretations of these laws and regulations and procedures for implementing them.
In DRT, deviance is defined strictly as a divergence from a norm, lacking any negative connotation that the term deviance commonly holds in psychology. Deviance regulation theory links actions and identities to explain and predict adherence to, and deviance from, normative action based on identity pursuit. [ 1 ]
The term institutionalization can also be used to describe the process of committing an individual to a mental hospital or prison, or to describe institutional syndrome; thus the phrase "X is institutionalized" may mean either that X has been placed in an institution or that X is suffering the psychological effects of having been in an ...
Recidivism (/ r ɪ ˈ s ɪ d ɪ v ɪ z əm /; from Latin: recidivus 'recurring', derived from re-'again' and cadere 'to fall') is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been trained to extinguish it.
In New Jersey, Gresham Sykes performed a study in prisons and refined the code as follows: [1] Don't Interfere With Inmate Interests. Never rat on an inmate, don't be nosy, don't have loose lips, and never put an inmate on the spot. Don't Fight With Other Inmates. Don't lose your head; do your own time. Don't Exploit Inmates. If you make a ...
This language style is sometimes referred to as a type of "political correctness", either as a neutral description or with negative connotations by its opponents. [80] At least some supporters deny an association between the two ("Political correctness is focused on not offending whereas inclusive language is focused on honoring people's ...