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Anhydrous aluminium chloride is a powerful Lewis acid, capable of forming Lewis acid-base adducts with even weak Lewis bases such as benzophenone and mesitylene. [14] It forms tetrachloroaluminate ([AlCl 4] −) in the presence of chloride ions. Aluminium chloride reacts with calcium and magnesium hydrides in tetrahydrofuran forming ...
In hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, aluminium reacts with water with evolution of hydrogen, and in aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide at room temperature to form aluminates—protective passivation under these conditions is negligible. [9] The reaction with aqueous alkali is often written: [2] Al + NaOH + H 2 O → NaAlO 2 ...
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
Related is the reaction of mercury(II) chloride with ammonia (Calomel reaction), where the resulting mercuric amidochloride is highly insoluble. HgCl 2 + 2 NH 3 → HgCl(NH 2) + [NH 4]Cl. The ammine ligands are more acidic than is ammonia (pK a ~ 33). For highly cationic complexes such as [Pt(NH 3) 6] 4+, the conjugate base can be obtained.
AlCl is synthesized by reaction of liquid aluminium with gaseous HCl at 1200 K and 0.2 mbar to yield gaseous AlCl and hydrogen gas. [1] At 77 K, AlCl is a dark red solid which turns black upon disproportionation at temperatures higher than 180 K.
Because of the explosion hazard related to hydrogen produced by the reaction of aluminium with hydrochloric acid, the most common industrial practice is to prepare a solution of aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH) by reacting aluminium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid. The ACH product is reacted with aluminium ingots at 100 °C using steam in an open ...
Aluminium hydride reduces acetals to half protected diols. [1] Acetal reduction using aluminium hydride. Aluminium hydride reduces epoxide to the corresponding alcohol: [1] Epoxide reduction using aluminium hydride. The allylic rearrangement reaction carried out using aluminium hydride is a S N 2 reaction, and it is not sterically demanding: [1]
Metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to produce salts and water are known as amphoteric oxides. Many metals (such as zinc, tin, lead, aluminium, and beryllium) form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides. Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) is an example of an amphoteric oxide.