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Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns often result in lower crop yields due to water scarcity caused by drought, heat waves and flooding. [5] These effects of climate change can also increase the risk of several regions suffering simultaneous crop failures. Currently this risk is regarded as rare but if these simultaneous crop ...
Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth and reproduction, plant metabolism and their external supply. In its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle, or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite .
Once boron has been absorbed by the plant and incorporated into the various structures that require boron, the plant is unable to disassemble these structures and re-transport boron through the plant resulting in boron being a non-mobile nutrient. Due to translocation difficulties the youngest leaves often show deficiency symptoms first. [5]
For fungi, it estimated that 9.4% are threatened due to climate change, while 62% are threatened by other forms of habitat loss. [43] 2024 review paper projected likely extinctions of 8% to 16% plant species as well as 8%–27% fungi species under RCP4.5 by 2070. Under RCP8.5 23% to 31% of both plant and fungi species would be lost. [44]
In botany, drought tolerance is the ability by which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. [1] [2] [3] Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. [3]
Plants in temperate and polar regions adapt to winter and sub zero temperatures by relocating nutrients from leaves and shoots to storage organs. [1] Freezing temperatures induce dehydrative stress on plants, as water absorption in the root and water transport in the plant decreases. [2]
Plants are susceptible to such localized calcium deficiencies in low or non-transpiring tissues because calcium is not transported in the phloem. [1] This may be due to water shortages, which slow the transportation of calcium to the plant, poor uptake of calcium through the stem, [2] or too much nitrogen in the soil. [3]
Likewise, effects of climate change on agriculture can result in lower crop yields and nutritional quality due to for example drought, heat waves and flooding as well as increases in water scarcity, [182] [183] pests and plant diseases.