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In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called " test-tube experiments", these studies in biology and its subdisciplines are traditionally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes , and microtiter ...
A laboratory rat with a brain implant, that was used to record in vivo neuronal activity. Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English [1] [2] [3]) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
Serial passage can either be performed in vitro or in vivo. In the in vitro method, a virus or a strain of bacteria will be isolated and allowed to grow for a certain time. After the sample has grown for that time, part of it will be transferred to a new environment and allowed to grow for the same period.
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants (in vivo), or on living cells or tissues (in vitro). [1] [2] A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. [3] If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative ...
The problem of transposing in vitro results is particularly acute in areas such as toxicology where animal experiments are being phased out and are increasingly being replaced by alternative tests. Results obtained from in vitro experiments cannot often be directly applied to predict biological responses of organisms to chemical exposure in vivo.
IIVS: The Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc. is a non-profit research and testing laboratory dedicated to the advancement of in vitro (non-animal) methods worldwide. Founded in 1997, IIVS has worked with industry and government agencies to implement in vitro testing strategies that limit animal use while supplying key information for product ...
In medical terminology, in situ belongs to a group of two-word Latin expressions, including in vitro ('within the glass', e.g., laboratory experiments), in vivo ('within the living', e.g., experiments on living organisms), and ex vivo ('out of the living', e.g., experiments on extracted tissues), which facilitate communication of experimental ...
It was coined in 1987 as an allusion to the Latin phrases in vivo, in vitro, and in situ, which are commonly used in biology (especially systems biology). The latter phrases refer, respectively, to experiments done in living organisms, outside living organisms, and where they are found in nature.