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Some sources distinguish "diacritical marks" (marks upon standard letters in the A–Z 26-letter alphabet) from "special characters" (letters not marked but radically modified from the standard 26-letter alphabet) such as Old English and Icelandic eth (Ð, ð) and thorn (uppercase Þ, lowercase þ), and ligatures such as Latin and Anglo-Saxon Æ (minuscule: æ), and German eszett (ß; final ...
Historically A-diaeresis was written as an A with two dots above the letter. A-umlaut was written as an A with a small e written above (Aͤ aͤ): this minute e degenerated to two vertical bars in medieval handwriting (A̎ a̎). In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots.
͘ – a dot above right is used in Pe̍h-ōe-jī; tittle, the superscript dot of the modern lowercase Latin i and j two dots: two overdots ( ̈) are used for umlaut, diaeresis and others; (for example ö) two underdots ( ̤) are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and the ALA-LC romanization system
These are usually handwritten on the paper containing the text. Symbols are interleaved in the text, while abbreviations may be placed in a margin with an arrow pointing to the problematic text. Different languages use different proofreading marks and sometimes publishers have their own in-house proofreading marks.
The two dot diacritic is also sometimes used for purely stylistic reasons. For example, the Brontë family , whose surname was derived from Gaelic and had been anglicised as "Prunty", or "Brunty": At some point, the father of the sisters, Patrick Brontë (born Brunty), decided on the alternative spelling with a diaeresis diacritic over the ...
Umlaut (/ ˈ ʊ m l aʊ t /) is a name for the two dots diacritical mark ( ̈) as used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters ä , ö , and ü ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ).
TILDE WITH RING ABOVE U+2E1B: Po, other Common ⸞ TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE U+2E1E: Po, other Common ⸟ TILDE WITH DOT BELOW U+2E1F: Po, other Common ⸪ TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION U+2E2A: Po, other Common ⸫ ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION U+2E2B: Po, other Common ⸬ SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION U+2E2C: Po, other Common ⸭ FIVE DOT ...
Small capital L with dot above: ʟ̣: Small capital L with dot below 𝼄 𐞜 Small capital L with belt: ExtIPA (unvoiced lateral fricative); [19] Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter [19] [20] ƛ: Lambda with stroke: Salishan and Wakashan languages, [26] Americanist phonetic notation ƛ̓: Lambda with stroke and comma above