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S-CALC - cross-sectional properties calculator. S-TIMBER - structural analysis and timber design. S-PAD - design and optimization of steel members. S-CONCRETE - section design and detailing tool for reinforced concrete beams, columns and walls. S-LINE - design and detailing of continuous reinforced concrete beams.
In civil engineering and construction, the neat volume is a theoretical amount of material.. For earthworks, it can refer to the volume either before native material is disturbed by excavation, or after placement and compaction is complete.
B-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dB B or L B, and C-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dB C or L C. Unweighted sound pressure level is called "linear sound pressure level" and is often written as dB L or just L. Some sound measuring instruments use the letter "Z" as an indication of linear SPL. [13]
A sound level meter (also called sound pressure level meter (SPL)) is used for acoustic measurements. It is commonly a hand-held instrument with a microphone . The best type of microphone for sound level meters is the condenser microphone, which combines precision with stability and reliability. [ 1 ]
Comprehensive set of tools for finite element codes, scaling from laptops to clusters with 100,000+ cores. Written in C++, it supports all widely used finite element types, serial and parallel meshes, and h and hp adaptivity. Wolfgang Bangerth, Timo Heister, Guido Kanschat, Matthias Maier et al. 9.6: 2024-08-11: LGPL: Free: Linux, Unix, Mac OS ...
A Schmidt hammer, [1] also known as a Swiss hammer or a rebound hammer or concrete hammer test, is a device to measure the elastic properties or strength of concrete or rock, [2] mainly surface hardness and penetration resistance. It was invented by Ernst Heinrich Wilhelm Schmidt, a Swiss engineer. [3]
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1]
Here is an example of GBE calculation adopted from Piryonesi (2019). [1] This example belongs to a road in the LTPP database. This road is made of the following layers: subbase, base, and three layers of hot mixed asphalt concrete. Their thicknesses are given in millimeters in the following table. The total GBE for this road 805.7 millimeters.
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