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Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria , and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae , bacteria , plants and animals ).
The equilibria reactions between these species result in the buffering of seawater in terms of the concentrations of hydrogen ions present. [8] The following chemical reactions exhibit the dissolution of carbon dioxide in seawater and its subsequent reaction with water: CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) ⥨ H 2 CO 3 (aq) H 2 CO 3 (aq) ⥨ HCO 3 − (aq) + H ...
These artificial substances may be similarly divided into artificial humic acid (A-HA) and artificial fulvic acid (A-FA). [ 35 ] [ 36 ] Lignosulfonates , a by-product from the sulfite pulping of wood, are valorized in the industrial fabrication of concrete where they serve as water reducer , or concrete superplasticizer , to decrease the water ...
Borate ions occur, alone or with other anions, in many borate and borosilicate minerals such as borax, boracite, ulexite (boronatrocalcite) and colemanite.Borates also occur in seawater, where they make an important contribution to the absorption of low frequency sound in seawater.
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium ( Na +
Marine chemistry, also known as ocean chemistry or chemical oceanography, is the study of the chemical composition and processes of the world’s oceans, including the interactions between seawater, the atmosphere, the seafloor, and marine organisms. [2]
Natural aeration is a type of both sub-surface and surface aeration. It can occur through sub-surface aquatic plants. Through the natural process of photosynthesis, water plants release oxygen into the water providing it with the oxygen necessary for fish to live and aerobic bacteria to break down excess nutrients. [3]
The microlayer is known for its unique biological and chemical properties which give it a small ecosystem of its own and serves as a distinct habitat from the deeper ocean waters. The surface microlayer is not in fact entirely aqueous like the rest of the ocean, but is closer to a kind of hydrated gel composed of concentrated nutrients forming ...