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A rendition of the Vauquois triangle, illustrating the various approaches to the design of machine translation systems.. The direct, transfer-based machine translation and interlingual machine translation methods of machine translation all belong to RBMT but differ in the depth of analysis of the source language and the extent to which they attempt to reach a language-independent ...
Statistical and neural machine translation: Moses: Cross-platform: LGPL: No fee required: 4.0 [6] Yes: Drop-in replacement for Pharaoh, features factored translation models and decoding of confusion networks. Moses for Mere Mortals: Ubuntu Linux: GPL: No fee required: 2014-11-16: Yes: Free open source; based on Moses; translation memories ...
In contrast to the simpler direct model of MT, transfer MT breaks translation into three steps: analysis of the source language text to determine its grammatical structure, transfer of the resulting structure to a structure suitable for generating text in the target language, and finally generation of this text. Transfer-based MT systems are ...
The translation is created by a human, and certain aspects of the process are facilitated by software; this is in contrast with machine translation (MT), in which the translation is created by a computer, optionally with some human intervention (e.g. pre-editing and post-editing). [1]
Transcription should not be confused with translation, which means representing the meaning of text from a source-language in a target language, (e.g. Los Angeles (from source-language Spanish) means The Angels in the target language English); or with transliteration, which means representing the spelling of a text from one script to another.
Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). Enzymes facilitating the process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors. In eukaryotic cells the primary transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to ...
A round-trip translation is not testing one system, but two systems: the language pair of the engine for translating into the target language, and the language pair translating back from the target language. Consider the following examples of round-trip translation performed from English to Italian and Portuguese from Somers (2005):
According to Saussure, the sign is naturally arbitrary, so it can only derive meaning from contrast in other signs in that same system. However, Russian scholar Leonid Barkhudarov [2] stated that, limiting it to poetry, for instance, a translation unit can take the form of a complete text. This seems to relate to his conception that a ...