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Testosterone can be taken by a variety of different routes of administration. [2] [3] These include oral, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, transdermal (gels, creams, patches, solutions), vaginal (creams, gels, suppositories), rectal (suppositories), by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection (in oil solutions or aqueous suspensions), and as a subcutaneous implant.
The number one thing you want to get tested if you’re symptomatic is your total testosterone levels, which includes all forms of testosterone in your body: unbound free T, SHBG-bound T, and ...
Testosterone levels in males and females ; Total testosterone Stage Age range Male Female Values SI units Values SI units ; Infant: Premature (26–28 weeks) 59–125 ng/dL: 2.047–4.337 nmol/L
The free androgen index, essentially a calculation based on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, is the worst predictor of free testosterone levels and should not be used. [17] Measurement by equilibrium dialysis or mass spectroscopy is generally required for accurate results, particularly for free testosterone which is ...
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), or testosterone therapy, is a form of hormone replacement therapy for men. This treatment uses synthetic testosterone to increase circulating testosterone ...
Testosterone and estradiol circulate in the bloodstream, loosely bound mostly to serum albumin (~54%), and to a lesser extent bound tightly to SHBG (~44%). Only a very small fraction of about 1 to 2% is unbound, or "free," and thus biologically active and able to enter a cell and activate its receptor.
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
It has an affinity (K d) of 0.25 to 0.5 nM for the human AR, which is about 2- to 3-fold higher than that of testosterone (K d = 0.4 to 1.0 nM) [47] and 15–30 times higher than that of adrenal androgens. [48] In addition, the dissociation rate of DHT from the AR is 5-fold slower than that of testosterone. [49]