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The general structure of a phosphite ester showing the lone pairs on the P. In organic chemistry, a phosphite ester or organophosphite usually refers to an organophosphorous compound with the formula P(OR) 3. They can be considered as esters of an unobserved tautomer phosphorous acid, H 3 PO 3, with the simplest example being trimethylphosphite ...
The gas constant occurs in the ideal gas law: = = where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume of gas, n is the amount of substance, m is the mass, and T is the thermodynamic temperature. R specific is the mass-specific gas constant. The gas constant is expressed in the same unit as molar heat.
[14] [15] Current models rely on either negative hyperconjugation, [16] or a more complex arraignment with a dative-type bond from P to O, combined with back-donation from an oxygen 2p orbital. [ 15 ] [ 17 ] These models agree with the experimental observations of the phosphoryl as being shorter than P-OR bonds [ 18 ] and much more polarised.
The phosphate ion has a molar mass of 94.97 g/mol, and consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen phosphate ion H(PO 4) 2−, which in turn is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 (PO 4) −
The phosphite ion, PO 3− 3, is a strong base, and so always carries at least one proton. In this case the proton is attached directly to the phosphorus atom with the structure HPO 2− 3 . In forming this ion, the phosphite ion is behaving as a Lewis base and donating a pair of electrons to the Lewis acid, H + .
In organic chemistry, a ketone / ˈ k iː t oʊ n / is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO ...
General ester of phosphonic acid; in fact, the phosphorus has a formal charge of +1, the oxygen above it has a formal charge of −1, and the bond between them is single. In organic chemistry, phosphonates or phosphonic acids are organophosphorus compounds containing C−PO(OR) 2 groups, where R is an organic group (alkyl, aryl).
From the commercial perspective, the most important phosphite salt is basic lead phosphite. Many salts containing the phosphite ion have been investigated structurally, these include sodium phosphite pentahydrate (Na 2 HPO 3 ·5H 2 O). (NH 4) 2 HPO 3 ·H 2 O, CuHPO 3 ·H 2 O, SnHPO 3 and Al 2 (HPO 3) 3 ·4H 2 O. [4] The structure of HPO 2− 3 ...