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A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [1] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...
In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system.A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2]
In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password ...
Bruce Schneier notes that even computationally impractical attacks can be considered breaks: "Breaking a cipher simply means finding a weakness in the cipher that can be exploited with a complexity less than brute force. Never mind that brute-force might require 2 128 encryptions; an attack requiring 2 110 encryptions would be considered a ...
Brute force method or proof by exhaustion, a method of mathematical proof Brute-force attack , a cryptanalytic attack Brute-force search , a computer problem-solving technique
If the key has N bits, there are 2 N possible keys to try, so a brute-force attack can recover the cipher in a worst-case time proportional to 2 N and an average time of 2 N-1. This is often used as a standard of comparison for other attacks.
A witness first saw the gun poking through a crack between the apartment door and the frame. There had been a knock and an eerie silence, then an attempt by two men to force the door open. Bryan Yeshion Schneps, a 21‑year‑old Temple University student, tried to prevent his attackers from gaining entry.
NSA worked closely with IBM to strengthen the algorithm against all except brute-force attacks and to strengthen substitution tables, called S-boxes. Conversely, NSA tried to convince IBM to reduce the length of the key from 64 to 48 bits. Ultimately they compromised on a 56-bit key. [13] [14]