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The highest surface expression of this protein is on regulatory T cells (Tregs), where CD25 is expressed constitutively, especially on a subset classified as naturally occurring Tregs. It can also be found on activated B cells, NK (natural killer) cells, thymocytes, and some myeloid lineage cells (e.g. macrophages, dendritic cells).
IL-2 binds to the IL-2 receptor, which has three forms, generated by different combinations of three different proteins, often referred to as "chains": α (alpha) (also called IL-2Rα, CD25, or Tac antigen), β (beta) (also called IL-2Rβ, or CD122), and γ (gamma) (also called IL-2Rγ, γ c, common gamma chain, or CD132); these subunits are also parts of receptors for other cytokines.
As defined by CD4 and CD25 expression, regulatory T cells comprise about 5–10% of the mature CD4 + T cell subpopulation in mice and humans, while about 1–2% of T reg can be measured in whole blood. The additional measurement of cellular expression of FOXP3 protein allowed a more specific analysis of T reg cells (CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + cells).
CD25 deficiency or interleukin 2 receptor alpha deficiency is an immunodeficiency disorder associated with mutations in the interleukin 2 receptor alpha (CD25) (IL2RA) gene. The mutations cause expression of a defective α chain or complete absence thereof, an essential part of high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors.
The CD nomenclature was proposed and established in the 1st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA), held in Paris in 1982. [4] [5] This system was intended for the classification of the many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by different laboratories around the world against epitopes on the surface molecules of leukocytes (white blood cells).
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system.It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [5] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity.
It is suggested that this property allows IL-15 to be produced by one cell, endocytosed by another cell, and then presented to a third party cell. [7] This receptor is reported to enhance cell proliferation and expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL2-XL and BCL2. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been ...
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1d encoded by the CD1D gene. CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known as natural killer T cells, through the interaction with the T-cell receptor present on NKT membranes CD1e: T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e is a protein in humans encoded by the CD1E gene. CD2