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The theory of the interstate system holds that all states are defined through their relationship to other states or through participation in the world economy, and that divisions between states help to divide the world into a core, periphery and semi-periphery. [1] [2]
The first consists of a cohesive core sub-graph in which the nodes are highly interconnected, and the second is made up of a peripheral set of nodes that is loosely connected to the core. In an ideal core–periphery matrix, core nodes are adjacent to other core nodes and to some peripheral nodes while peripheral nodes are not connected with ...
In his terminology, the core is the developed, industrialized part of the world, and the periphery is the "underdeveloped", typically raw materials-exporting, poor part of the world; the market being the means by which the core exploits the periphery. Apart from them, Wallerstein defines four temporal features of the world system.
A world map of countries by trading status in late 20th century using the world system differentiation into core countries (blue), semi-periphery countries (yellow) and periphery countries (red), based on the list in Dunn, Kawano, Brewer (2000) Developed countries are shown in blue (according to the International Monetary Fund, as of 2008).
English: Core, periphery, and semiperiphery (1975 - 2002) based on GNP per capita. Countries that consistently fell into a particular class over the 28-year period of analysis. Taken from Salvatore J. Babones' essay, "The country-level income structure of the world-economy," Journal of World-Systems Research 11, no. 1 (2005): 29-55 [1] .
The semi-periphery exists because it needs to divide the economic power between the core and the periphery. Semi-periphery, referred to as the middle class by Wallerstein, is what makes the capitalist world function because it is much like the sociological structural functionalism theory, where norms, customs, traditions, and institutions act ...
A zone defined as "semi-periphery" acts as a periphery to the core and as a core to the periphery. At the end of the 20th century, this zone would comprise Eastern Europe, China, Brazil, and Mexico. It is important to note that core and peripheral zones can co-exist in the same location. [citation needed]
Structure of cadmium cyanide (Cd(CN) 2), highlighting the interpenetrated structure.Blue = one Cd(CN) 2 substructure, red = other Cd(CN) 2 substructure. An Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) is a polymer comprising two or more networks which are at least partially interlaced on a polymer scale but not covalently bonded to each other.