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The key recommendations are that: the existing arrangements be terminated, the gold licence replaced by an export duty on gold, extending voting rights to holders of a current mining permit and the scrapping of the gold commission, and laws to protect workers against competition from Chinese labourers.
The changes included the abolition of gold licences to be replaced with an export duty. An annual 1-pound miner's right that entitles the holder to voting rights for the lower house and a land deed was introduced. Mining wardens replaced the gold commissioners, and there was a reduction in police numbers.
The Miner's Right was introduced in 1855 in the colony of Victoria, replacing the Miner's Licence.Protests in 1853 at Bendigo with the formation of the Anti-Gold Licence Association and the rebellion of Eureka Stockade in December 1854 at Ballarat led to reform of the system with a lower annual fee of five shillings for the right to mine gold, the right to vote, and the right to own land.
The 1981 mining permit gave the state the right to acquire the quarry site at no cost “at the end of 50 years from the date quarrying commences or 10 years after quarrying operations have ceased ...
The rebels sent out scouts and established picket lines in order to have advance warning of Rede's movements and a request for reinforcements to the other mining settlements. [66] The "moral force" faction had withdrawn from the protest movement as the men of violence moved into the ascendancy.
In West Virginia, the mine wars would come to a head at the Battle of Blair Mountain in 1921. This armed conflict pitched organized miners against detectives, policemen, and eventually, the United States Army. The result of the battle was a loss for the West Virginia miners, and the crushing of organized labor aspirations in the state.
The Battle of Blair Mountain was the largest labor uprising in United States history and is the largest armed uprising since the American Civil War. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The conflict occurred in Logan County , West Virginia , as part of the Coal Wars , a series of early-20th-century labor disputes in Appalachia .
In January 1852, Victoria enacted the Mining Act 1852 (repealed) supplemented by the Mining Act 1853 (repealed). [2] Before that, ownership of minerals and petroleum passed to those who were granted title to land by the colonial governors according to common law concepts, except the right to "Royal Mines" (the precious metals of gold and silver ...