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The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS 1), short for Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union. [2] The initiative was to limit the amount of hazardous chemicals in electronics.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Modernization Act of 2015 (H.R. 2576), passed the House of Representatives on June 23, 2015. [10] Revised legislation, which resolved differences between the House and Senate versions, was forwarded to the President on June 14, 2016. [11] President Obama signed the bill into law on June 22, 2016.
There are currently six substances considered environmentally hazardous by the China RoHS II directive as specified in standard GB/T 26572-2011. [4] The substances followed by its restriction limits are below. Lead, 0.1%; Mercury, 0.1%; Cadmium, 0.01%; Hexavalent chromium, 0.1%; Polybrominated biphenyls, 0.1%; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 0.1%
RoHS 2 also has a more dynamic approach to exemptions, creating an automatic expiration if exemptions are not renewed by requests from industry. Additionally new substances can be added to the controlled list, with 4 new substances expected to be controlled by 2019. All these mean greater information control and update systems are required.
It also maintains List I of chemicals and List II of chemicals, which contain chemicals that are used to manufacture the controlled substances/illicit drugs. The list is designated within the Controlled Substances Act [ 1 ] but can be modified by the U.S. Attorney General as illegal manufacturing practices change.
A highly hazardous chemical, also called a harsh chemical, is a substance classified by the American Occupational Safety and Health Administration as material that is both toxic and reactive and whose potential for human injury is high if released. Highly hazardous chemicals may cause cancer, birth defects, induce genetic damage, cause ...
The list is derived from data presented in the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) database of registered substances. [ 20 ] ChemSec has together with ClientEarth requested information about producers of REACH registered substances to be made publicly available, and launched a lawsuit against the European Chemicals Agency on this issue in 2011.
Exposure to the coplanar stereoisomer 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (but not the non-coplanar stereoisomer) in genetically susceptible mice is known to cause immunotoxicity and disorders related to the central nervous system, and even at doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg, excess neonatal fatalities are observed (LD 50 is from 5–10 mg/kg). [1]