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Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
A study of the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database, which contains over 80,000 men, found that the relative risk of gynecomastia in cimetidine users was 7.2 relative to non-users. [52] People taking a dosage of cimetidine of greater than or equal to 1,000 mg showed more than 40 times the risk of gynecomastia than non-users. [ 52 ]
When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole". There is a purported correlation (but no proven causal link) between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia ...
Ranitidine, previously sold under the brand name Zantac [a] among others, is a medication used to decrease stomach acid production. [12] It was commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. [12]
In about half of people who are hospitalized or seen at a primary care clinic there is no documented reason for their long-term use of PPIs. [28] Some researchers believe that, given the little evidence of long-term effectiveness, the cost of the medication and the potential for harm means that clinicians should consider stopping PPIs in many ...
In a study on men of Japanese ancestry, this has translated to an average increase of total drug exposure by 50–60% compared to men in the United States. [ 22 ] However, rabeprazole's metabolism is primarily non-enzymatic (it is often inactivated chemically, without the participation of the body's natural drug metabolizing enzymes ).
[9] [10] This use is on the label in the UK and some other countries. It is also used off-label in the treatment of cyclical vomiting syndrome in infants; the only evidence for this use comes from retrospective studies. [11] Cyproheptadine is sometimes used off-label to improve akathisia in people on antipsychotic medications. [12]
Suzetrigine, sold under the brand name Journavx, is a medication used for the management of pain. [1] [2] It is a non-opioid, small-molecule analgesic that works as a selective inhibitor of Na v 1.8-dependent pain-signaling pathways in the peripheral nervous system, [3] [4] avoiding the addictive potential of opioids.